I'm looking to get more granular with my dynamic content. Is there a way to create a Smart List and then make that Smart List a Custom Object?
Your phrasing is quite strange, as Smart Lists and Custom Objects are wildly different concepts!
A Smart List can therefore include people who have Custom Object records with certain types + field values. But a Smart List will never be a Custom Object.
Can you explain exactly how you imagine Custom Object records intersecting with dynamic content?
* yes, deliberately simplifying by leaving out junction-leaf config