Paul,
You might find my Guide helpful: http://www.marketingrockstarguides.com
There are several posts on setup. Also happy to share some wisdom if you email me: jdhill@marketingrockstarguides.com
Some Key Steps I go through with my clients:
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SPF/DKIM Setup
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CNAME Domain choice
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Prepare SFDC in Sandbox - do you need to make changes to your workflow to take advantage of Marketo?
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Lead Scoring Plan
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Data Management Plan
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Smart Lists you'll need (Customers, Suppression, etc)
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Segmentations or Static Lists (can do later too)
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Program Channel Types and Progressions
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Naming Scheme
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Document your setup!