Even with robust help from JavaScript I can't see a way to do this. There's no way to only "peek" at the lead database using Forms 2.0 API: once you post data at all, a lead is either updated or created. Can do crazy stuff before posting, but not so much after.
So despite my usual confidence, I'd say "no" here as well.
You could write an interstitial proxy layer on your server (thus not using Mkto forms anymore) that uses API calls to accomplish this. I don't advise it.