The duration that an individual sync cycle will take depends on how many records for each object need to be updated/created.
Remember flow actions in smart campaigns are immediate, so if you ever don't want to wait for the background sync for a specific lead or set of leads then you could always run an intimidate flow action, just bear in mind that flow actions use 1 API call per lead record whereas the background sync is much more efficient and can handle 200 records with just one API call.