Hi Jessie:
Unfortunately, it doesn't work that way.
Have you considered running this through Marketo Programs and letting the regular scheduled sync process push the membership and statuses to corresponding SFDC Campaigns?
To do this, you must ensure that Marketo has all the right permissions to create and edit SFDC Campaigns. See the following article on what you need to enable in Salesforce:
https://community.marketo.com/MarketoTutorial?id=kA250000000KyuK
You can then assign the program progression status either under Program Members tab by importing leads into the Program and assigning the progression status in step 3 of the import., or you can build some logic that reads the campaign ID in your custom field and assigns the proper program and progression status based on that field value.
Hope this helps!