Dominick,
It's funny you ask:
http://www.marketingrockstarguides.com/marketo-glossary-filters-flows-triggers-1395/
There are also these articles
https://community.marketo.com/MarketoArticle?id=kA050000000LBvaCAG
https://community.marketo.com/MarketoArticle?id=kA050000000KzcOCAS
https://community.marketo.com/MarketoArticle?id=kA050000000KzEQCA0
https://community.marketo.com/MarketoArticle?id=kA050000000LB9WCAW
https://community.marketo.com/MarketoArticle?id=kA050000000LAZcCAO
https://community.marketo.com/MarketoArticle?id=kA050000000KyphCAC
Thanks Josh! I just had to send a screenshot of your glossary to a Marketo Customer Support rep who told me that if a smart list contains both a trigger and a filter that leads with go through that meet either the trigger criteria or the filter criteria but not both...