Edward's comment isn't very help ful as it provides no instructions on what to do.
I had the opposite issue. A field was changed from a text to a checkbox in Salesforce and has created a form error which does not sync people that we need to sync...
This is the error I got.Sync Lead to SFDC caught exception
exceptionMessage:
_createSObjects failed - 'no' is not valid for type xsd:boolean, should be '0', '1', 'true' or 'false'
Marketo says
You can continue to push data from this field without changing the field type by making sure that the data Marketo adds to this field will be compatible with the boolean field in Salesforce. This means using '0' and '1', or 'true' and 'false' for that field instead of 'yes' or 'no'. That way, the data will be compatible with both field types so it will still sync. You will also need to convert existing data in that field in Marketo to be compatible with the boolean field. You can accomplish that with smart campaigns using a "Change Data Value" flow step.
So I did this and it doesn't work....I think you'll need to change the field type after the above process.
Marketo again....If you choose to change the field type in Marketo, the field must be removed from use in Marketo (it cannot be in any smart lists, campaigns, etc) and then you will be able to change it's type. Keep in mind that if you change to a new field type and there is data in the field that is incompatible with the new type it will remove the existing value in that field.
Im nervous about losing the data and Marketo support hasn't been very helpful (you can imagine this is a hot issue in the company).
I might just go for it but still doing research and came accross you comment ...haven't found much more on this. Marketos online docs dont even tell you how to not lose the data. Ill try to post if it works for me.