There isn't a way to make the date field dynamic as you suggested.
If you're looking to segment your database for upsell nurturing, it might be just as effective to use static dates: define three cohorts, and then plan messaging to them as you anticipate them reaching new levels of time as customers.
If you must use the dynamic date, one option will be to create a field in Salesforce that calculates days since the Install Date. You can then segment with a rule such as "Days since install greater than 365".