You can also create a new field in SFDC to store the QUeue name (trigger to update queue name whenever a lead owner changes to a queue)is assigned to the so then you can actual see which queue to filter.
Thank you, Mark. I needed to be more specific. Your suggestion, as far as I understand, will filter out ALL queues, not just a certain one. While I need to filter out a certain queue.
I found that the easiest way to achieve my goal is creating a separate SFDC Campaign and route all leads owned by a certain queue into there. Then use that SFDC Campaign to filter out leads in Marketo.
That works well for a one-off scenario, but unless you build additional logic to move leads out of that campaign when the lead owner changes then it will not stay up to date!