We use marketo smart campaigns to identify if it's a re-engagement or net new lead (lead to account matching is on the roadmap but we don't have that yet). If net new lead - lead is assigned to SDR queue. If re-engagement, an email alert that goes out the current sales owner.
To track progress, in a simple sense, we use tasks with specific subject lines (because marketo creates the task, you can listen for when the task is closed/completed) (Unfortunately our Account Execs don't tend to close out the tasks and so there are challenges there but SDRs are much better at this).
We don't measure response times but we do have SLA dashboards that tell us the number of tasks that exceed SLAs (1 business day). I'm sure you can have a custom task field to record the hours/days it took for the task to close, you'd have to create some workflows and field update rules and might be able to do it with a formula field but you can definitely stamp the field with what you want using Apex.
On tracking campaign success, to me, the example you gave is closer to funnel metrics and this is something you set up completely separately (it's a big project). For us, campaign "success" reporting, in terms of pipeline generated, is separate to funnel metrics and we don't do this very well, but this might be because we're a long sales cycle B2B org and unless you have a successful multi-touch attribution model, it's sub-optimal to attribute all pipeline/revenue to a single campaign.
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